the Council of Nicaea convened by Emperor Constantine in 325 AD, the Catholic Church adopted the four canonical Gospels and rejected all others. To insist that the gospels should be four was Irenaeus of Lyon, a theologian of the second century, who stated that, as there were four corners of the earth and the four winds, so there could be no more than four or less than four Gospels.
The canonical Gospels all derive from a "source Q," which was a collection of sayings of Jesus that circulated among early Christians. The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles were written between 50 and 60 AD. 70 were written after the Gospels of Mark and Matthew, and finally between 90 and 100 of John. The Tradition of the Church believes, however, that the first Gospel to be written was that of Mark. In any case, the first original manuscripts of the four Gospels which we possess now go back to the second century AD.
Researchers say that in later times there have been many additions and manipulations, it is very difficult to recognize in these writings than has been actually said by Jesus Doubts about authentic historical value of the Gospel accounts arising the fact that some critics say that they would be transcripts of previous oral transmission, written down several decades after Jesus' death
All the gospels rejected by the Church are called "Apocrypha". The oldest of the canonical Gospels is the Gospel of Thomas and Sophia of Jesus certainly the oldest of Matthew's Gospel are the Gospel of Peter and the Secret Gospel of Mark. Background to the Gospel of John is the Gospel of the Hebrews and the Gospel of the Egyptians. Between the end of the first century and the second century were then written to the secret book of James, the Gospel of the Ebionites, the Gospel of the Nazarenes, the Gospel of Basilides, Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of the Savior, the Apocryphon John, the Gospel of Judas, Gospel of James, the Gospel of Truth, the Gospel of Philip, and Pistis Sophia.
There are also some lost gospels, of which only knows the name: the Gospel of Andrew, the Gospel of Marcion's Gospel Cerinthus, the Gospel of the Twelve.
After the death of Jesus arose many sects "Christian" doctrines that were often different between them and that were based on this or that gospel. The majority of these seven totally rejecting the Old Testament and believed that the God of the Bible was a lesser god and that Christ had come instead to let us know the Father Hidden. These seven were broadly defined Gnostic.
From the third century onwards, in the struggle for supremacy doctrine, what then emerged calling itself the Catholic Church. This called heretical sects and all the others, which enjoyed strong Roman Empire, was finally over.
Given that almost all the early Christians were Jews, it is clear that we had to get the identification of the God of the Bible preached by Jesus with the Father Hidden And so the Church also adopted as canonical texts of the Old Testament.
phrases attributed to Jesus in the canonical Gospels according to which He had come to change and not to abolish "the law and the prophets", were clearly added in later centuries, not to mention then the phrase "You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church" that was added even later.
Within the Church the word "apocrypha" took on the meaning of "false", while the true meaning of this word is "hidden." The Greek word is APOKRYPTEIN: APO = all hide = KRYPTEIN.
For Irenaeus of Lyons, he himself confessed that the canonical Gospels were devised to combat "certain" heresies heresies so that concern ideas much earlier than the doctrinal content of the canonical Gospels. Moreover, these Gospels are associated with "certain" evangelists of his time alone and then in the same Catholic Encyclopedia admits that the "canonical" in any way can not be written by people that binds them to this day.
Then there is the bad faith of the Catholic storografia on the Gospel of Thomas to 340 AD when Irenaeus of Lyons (d. 202 AD) mentions it specifically with the Gospel of Judas in 180 AD!
In fact, in 180 AD, Irenaeus, on several occasions, he cites no less than 30 gospels that were circulating in his time.
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